The invention provides a direct current voltage divider with temperature monitoring. The apparatus comprises voltage-dividing resistors, voltage-equalizing capacitors, an outer sleeve, an inner epoxy barrel, and a heat exchanger, an area enclosed by the inner epoxy barrel and the outer sleeve is an outer air chamber, an area enclosed by the inner epoxy barrel is an inner air chamber, the apparatus also comprises temperature measurement optical fibers and a temperature measurement system host, the temperature measurement optical fibers are arranged at an outer wall of the inner epoxy barrel of the direct current voltage divider, and the temperature measurement optical fibers send data monitored in real time to the temperature measurement system host. According to the direct current voltage divider, fault determination during occurrence of open-circuit faults of a single resistor or a single capacitor element is improved, the reliability of the direct current voltage divider is improved, and personnel can understand system temperature distribution and analyze fault reasons in time.