The invention provides an RFID based pipeline system, which comprises an RFID chip set on a predetermined inspection pipeline, a detection device and a remote monitoring center, and is characterized in that the RFID chip is connected to a sensor group; the sensor group comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a vibration sensor; the detection device is connected to the remote monitoring center; and the detection device sends received data to a server through a wireless network so as to be stored and monitored, and judges whether received data is in a preset range or not, and gives an alarm to remind if the received data exceeds the range. According to the invention, parameters such as the pressure, the temperature, the vibration and the flow in the pipeline are collected by using the sensors, inspection is performed by using the handheld detection device, an alarm is given timely when there is an exception, and the maintenance personnel is informed so as to facilitate processing. The FRID based pipeline system is low in cost, good in safety and high in practicability, reduces the trouble of wiring and improves the work efficiency.