The invention discloses a double-scraper fine powder laying device for an additive manufacturing process. According to the double-scraper fine powder laying device for the additive manufacturing process, a double-scraper powder laying manner is designed for powder laying; each scraper is in a special design of the geometric size as well as a specific installation angle, and the micron level, even the submicron level, powder laying is achieved; and the thickness of the laid powder layer can reach 1 micrometer to 10 micrometers. By the adoption of the double-scraper fine powder laying device for the additive manufacturing process, the defect that by means of traditional roller type powder laying and scraper type powder laying, a powder layer with the thickness below 20 micrometers cannot be achieved during fine powder laying is overcome, so that the high-precision additive manufacturing of a fine structural component is achieved, and the size resolution and the surface quality of additive manufacturing parts are increased. The invention further provides a double-scraper fine powder laying method for the additive manufacturing process.