The invention discloses a modified silicate grouting reinforcement material. The modified silicate grouting reinforcement material is prepared from a component A and a component B through mixing the component A and the component B according to the mixing ratio of 1: 1 during use, wherein the component A is prepared from the ingredients in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of water glass, 45-50 parts of methyl diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) and 2-3.5 parts of surfactant; and the component B is prepared from the ingredients in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of polyether polyol resin, 15-25 parts of plasticizer, 2-3 parts of catalyst and 1.0-2.0 parts of accelerant. According to the modified silicate grouting reinforcement material disclosed by the invention, the grouting property is good, the range of application is wide, the curing rate is adjustable, the rapid reinforcing treatment on dangerous structures can be achieved, and the requirements on slurry fluidity can be met; cured bodies are high in strength and good in flexibility and have good bonding property to fragmented rock; cured reinforcement bodies are stable in properties and fully meet the requirements of underground works on safe construction; and meanwhile, the material belongs to environment-friendly novel materials and is free of influence on environments. The preparation steps are simple, the operation is convenient, and the practicability is high.