The invention discloses a main and distribution network fault recovery optimization scheduling method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, a fault recovery optimization scheduling sub problem of the main network is solved, and the state variable of a PCC (Point of Common Coupling) is transferred to each distribution network; 2, according to the state variable of the PCC transferred by the main network, a fault optimization sub problem of each distribution network connected with the main network is solved, and the state variable of the PCC is returned to the main network; and 3, errors before and after the PCC are judged, if the errors exceed a convergence basis, the first step is returned, and if the errors are in the convergence basis, the calculation is ended. The main and distribution network integration fault recovery problem is decomposed into independent sub optimization problems of one main network and multiple distribution networks, the problems are solved through decomposition coordination between the main network and the distribution networks, the calculation amount is reduced, the calculation accuracy is improved, and the power grid operation safety can be ensured more reliably.