The present disclosure provides a plant cultivation system and method for extending a harvesting period of an edible plant to maximize a yield thereof, wherein the bolting of the edible plant may be suppressed to extend the harvesting period 2 to 3 times compared to the conventional harvesting period. The plant cultivation system may comprises an arrangement of cultivation managing containers, each container including a moisture absorption material including coarse/fine stone pieces, pearlite, and/or coarse sands on a bottom thereof, wherein the moisture absorption material is stacked at a predetermined height, wherein water is filled in the cultivation managing container at the same height as the predetermined height to supply a moisture to the moisture absorption material, wherein the cultivation managing container includes a moisture communication material on the moisture absorption material, and a fertilizer mixed soil on the moisture communication material; an array of cultivation ports arranged in each cultivation managing container, wherein each cultivation port is rooted into the fertilizer mixed soil of the cultivation managing container, wherein the plural cultivation ports are spaced from each other to keep a cultivation space of the edible plant, wherein a seeding plant and/or grown plant for the edible plant is planted in the cultivation port; at least two supports configured to support each cultivation managing container at a height determined such that a worker or operator harvests the edible plant in a standing state, wherein the at least two supports are spacedly arranged to secure an air circulation channel; at least one air duct disposed between the neighboring supports, wherein the air duct extends in the arrangement direction of the cultivation managing containers, wherein the air duct has an air hole to allow a selective supply of cold and hot airs to the air circulation channel, thereby to improve transpiration of the edible plant to suppress bolting of the edible plant; and a blowing fan disposed at one end of the air duct to allow a forced air flow through the air duct.