The present invention discloses an automobile tire detection system and a detection method. The detection system comprises a first camera, a second camera, an X-ray detector and an image processor. The image processor includes a first image acquisition module, a second image acquisition module, a deformation parameter determination module, a pattern depth judgment module and a belted layer judgment module. The detection method comprises the steps of judging the deformation parameters of a tire according to a tire sidewall static image and a tire sidewall dynamic image; judging the depth of tread patterns according to a tread static image; and judging whether a crown belted layer is dislocated/broken or not. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the deformation parameters of the tire, the depth of tread patterns and the state of the crown belted layer are sequentially judged, and then whether the tire can be continuously used or needs to be renovated can be judged. The method is high in judgment efficiency and high in judgment accuracy.