The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore oil geological logging and discloses an offshore rock debris fishing device quantitatively controlling rock debris amount along with changing of drilling speed. The offshore rock debris fishing device is composed of a filtering and buffering bucket device, a sampling opening degree driving device, a rock debris conveying device, a sand taking bucket device, a base and a collection control system. The rock debris fishing device is controlled through the collection control system to enable rock debris to sequentially go through the sampling opening degree driving device, the filtering and buffering bucket device, the rock debris conveying device and the sand taking bucket device to realize automatic and quantitative fishing of the rock debris and filtering of mud and false rock debris, so that authenticity and representativeness of the rock debris are guaranteed. The offshore rock debris fishing device has high anti-shock performance integrally, can normally work in an environment with high humidity, temperature and corrosivity in front of vibration sieves and can meet requirements on mount and demounting at different places to facilitate quick transferring among different vibration sieves.