The invention provides a porcelain insulator defect detection device, system and method based on self-comparing trend analysis and vibrational acoustics and belongs to the field of part detection. An existing porcelain insulator detection method has limitation, and all porcelain insulators with defects cannot be detected. According to the porcelain insulator defect detection method based on self-comparing trend analysis and vibrational acoustics, a porcelain insulator sound wave detection device based on the vibrational acoustics theory is installed, and stable installation of the porcelain insulator sound wave detection device and the stability of input conditions are guaranteed. A data transmission device in a wired or wireless transmission mode is selected and used, and the data transmission device is connected with the porcelain insulator sound wave detection device and a background analysis system for transmission of digital audio signals. The background analysis system is installed on a computer or server of a master control room. The background analysis system analyzes the digital audio signals transmitted by the data transmission device. The porcelain insulator defect detection device, system and method have the advantage of high accuracy of porcelain insulator defect detection.