The invention discloses a spaceborne radar data processing and controlling device based on a VPX bus. Two identical processing computers are adopted for a data processing system and a controlling system, and each processing computer comprises two isomorphic PowerPC 440 cores. The two systems form two working modes through the four isomorphic PowerPC 440 cores. According to the parallel mode, the four isomorphic PowerPC 440 cores independently work, but interconnection channels are formed between the four isomorphic PowerPC 440 cores through interconnection communication buses. According to the fault-tolerance mode, the four isomorphic PowerPC 440 cores carry out fault tolerance in a four-mode redundancy mode. The device aims at achieving the purposes of high spaceborne radar data processing point flight path processing capacity, coordinate transformation of radar information data, trace point and flight path rough correlation, trace point and temporary flight path correlation, flight path correlation, trace point fusion and flight path filtering, and short prediction processing time and solving the problem that the spaceflight use environment is severe.