The invention provides a high-precision camera dynamic calibration method, and belongs to the technical field of image processing and machine vision detection. The method includes detection of checkerboard target image X type calibration points; high-precision positioning of checkerboard target X type calibration points; camera calibration based on non-measurement distortion correction; and camera dynamic calibration. The method is stable, reliable and practical, and is applicable to camera calibration in a simple background and complex background and under a large-visual-field condition at the same time. The method has a simple calibration process and good real-time performance, for a target characteristic area in a sequence image, a user only needs to match a first frame of image target area, only needs arbitrary i frames of single images to complete single-time camera calibration, and a corresponding homography matrix Hi is determined. In the method, parameter coupling does not exist, the whole calibration process only needs to solve and optimize single distortion coefficients. The calibration precision is improved through high-precision positioning of the target calibration points and an optimization method of nonlinear camera imaging model distortion coefficients.