The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-transmittance and low-resistance silver nanowire film. The method comprises the following steps of (a) dissolving silver nitrate into polyol and mixing evenly through ultrasonic treatment to obtain a silver nitrate alcohol solution of which the mass concentration is 0.1mol.L<-1> to 0.5mol.L<-1>; (b) dissolving a surfactant into the polyol to obtain a surfactant alcohol solution of which the mass concentration is 0.05mol.L<-1> to 0.5mol.L<-1>; (c) mixing the silver nitrate alcohol solution and the surfactant alcohol solution at the volume ratio of 4:5, adding a metal ion control agent, and carrying out heating and standing to obtain a silver nanowire mother liquor; (d) carrying out washing and centrifugal separation on the silver nanowire mother liquid prepared in the step (c), removing impurities and then dispersing the product by using a dispersing agent to obtain a silver nanowire dispersion liquid of which the mass-to-volume ratio is 0.2mg.mL<-1> to 20mol.L<-1>, wherein the length of the silver nanowire is 80-200 microns and the diameter is 40-100nm; and (e) putting a cleaned substrate into a spin coater, dripping the silver nanowire dispersion liquid prepared in the step (d) on the surface of the substrate, completing coating and naturally airing the substrate to obtain the silver nanowire film.