The invention discloses a microbial fuel cell with a bamboo charcoal tube bundle type bubble air negative electrode structure. The microbial fuel cell comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode; the microbial fuel cell is characterized in that the positive electrode consists of multiple vertically-arranged carbon brushes; the negative electrode consists of multiple vertically-arranged bamboo charcoal tubes; the positive electrode is arranged on the lower part of the cell while the negative electrode is arranged on the upper part of the cell; a bubble screen is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the bubble screen is connected with an external air pump through a pipeline; a positive electrode liquid inlet is formed in the bottom of the cell; and an air bubble outlet is formed in the top of the cell. The microbial fuel cell has the advantages of low cost, high conductivity, low air bubble flowing resistance, no pollution and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of energy, chemical engineering, environment protection and the like.