The invention discloses a rail wheel and a rail transport vehicle. The rail wheel and the rail transport vehicle are used for rail transportation. The rail gnawing phenomenon of the wheel can be reduced. The rail wheel comprises a circumferential tread and a wheel flange. The wheel flange is arranged at the edge of the circumferential tread in a surrounding mode. A guide slope surface is arranged between the side surface, adjacent to the circumferential tread, of the wheel flange and the circumferential tread and comprises a first slope surface and a second slope surface, wherein the first slope surface is connected with the circumferential tread, the second slope surface is connected with the first slope surface and the side surface of the wheel flange, and the first slope surface has fixed gradient relative to the circumferential tread.