The invention provides an annealing furnace combustion control method and device. The method includes: when the temperature deviation of a loop previous to a current loop in an annealing furnace is determined as positive deviation, or the temperature deviation of a loop next to the current loop is determined as negative deviation, triggering temperature compensation algorithm; calculating a temperature compensation value between the loops according to the temperature compensation algorithm; calculating a compensated combustion control value of the current loop according to the temperature compensation value between the loops; and controlling the combustion temperature of the current loop according to the compensated combustion control value. Therefore, when positive deviation appears in the previous loop, the temperature compensation value of the current loop is decreased, thus reducing the calorific value contribution of the current loop to the previous loop; and when negative deviation appears in the next loop, the temperature compensation value of the current loop is increased, thus reducing the calorific value loss of the next loop. In the way, mutual interference of the combustion loops and furnace temperature fluctuation can be avoided.