The invention discloses a steel structure tower with a safety protection rail. The steel structure tower is characterized by comprising a sliding rail; the sliding rail and a tower body are connected into a whole; the sliding rail is provided with longitudinal angle iron; the included angle of the left side and the right side of the longitudinal angle iron is 90 degrees; a longitudinal vertical plate is connected to the ridge part of the longitudinal angle iron; the included angles formed by the longitudinal vertical plate and the left side and the right side of the longitudinal angle iron are equal; a longitudinal side plate is connected to the side, opposite to the ridge part of the longitudinal angle iron, of the longitudinal vertical plate; the longitudinal vertical plate and the longitudinal side plate form a T-shaped structure; and the longitudinal vertical plate is provided with rectangular through holes distributed in an up-down equally spaced mode. The steel structure tower does not need to be picked off to replace a hitching position, protection is also achieved for a replacement gap and can be achieved in real time, accidents caused by falling are reduced, the movement range of position replacement is small, and the falling risk is lower.