The invention belongs to the field of petroleum workover treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a novel hydraulic safety elevator. The novel hydraulic safety elevator comprises an elevator body, elevator fixing arms, an elevator right opening-closing hinge, a plunger latch protection sleeve, an elevator opening-closing mechanism, an elevator left opening-closing hinge, an elevator rear base, a replaceable elevator tooth sleeve, an opening-closing hydraulic cylinder, elevator plunger latches and a plunger latch hydraulic cylinder. The elevator body is hinged to the elevator left opening-closing hinge and the elevator right opening-closing hinge through fixing pin shafts. The elevator left opening-closing hinge and the elevator right opening-closing hinge are connected with the elevator opening-closing mechanism. The opening-closing hydraulic cylinder drives a parallelogram mechanism so that the elevator opening-closing mechanism can achieve opening and closing. The front ends of the elevator left opening-closing hinge and the elevator right opening-closing hinge are provided with the elevator plunger latches. The elevator plunger latches are fixed to the elevator left opening-closing hinge and the elevator right opening-closing hinge through the pin shafts. The plunger latch hydraulic cylinder drives the elevator plunger latches to achieve opening and closing. The novel hydraulic safety elevator is compact in structure, large in clamping force and uniform in bearing force, the replaceable and adaptable performance of the tooth sleeve is high, effective closing and opening of the elevator are ensured through a safety plunger latch device, and the safety during elevator operating is improved.