The invention discloses a platform for detecting the efficiency of a mobile-type fuel oil organic heat carrier boiler, and the platform comprises a carrying platform, a smoke system, a fuel oil supply system, an organic heat carrier heat-balance circulatory system and a cooling water system, wherein the smoke system, the fuel oil supply system, the organic heat carrier heat-balance circulatory system and the cooling water system are disposed on the disposed on the carrying platform. The cooling water system is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, and the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet are respectively in bidirectional connection with the organic heat carrier heat-balance circulatory system. The smoke system, the fuel oil supply system and the organic heat carrier heat-balance circulatory system are respectively provided with an interface which is connected with a fuel oil organic heat carrier boiler. The invention also discloses a corresponding detection method. The platform and system can measure the flow of fuel oil and organic heat carriers more accurately, can reflect the operation rated load of the boiler in real time, can enable all measurement systems to be integrated into one planned mobile platform, are quicker and more accurate in processing result, and greatly improve the detection efficiency.