The invention discloses a TF-IDF feature extraction based short text classification method. According to the method, short texts are merged into a long text so as to enhance the TF-IDF feature of the short texts; dimension reduction is performed so as to generate a feature word list and a feature word dictionary; a mechanism compensation is established for a class having a relative unobvious feature while the feature word list is established, and the text feature vector weight is enhanced; and other word banks or word vector dictionaries do not have to be constructed or trained, and then the algorithm performance can be improved on the premise of ensuring the feature expression result of the texts. The TF-IDF feature extraction based short text classification method can be widely applied to the field of data processing.