The invention discloses a visual course identification method based on a target point identification. The method comprises a step of loading an azimuth angle and pixel correspondence table obtained through camera calibration, selecting an initial target point in a first frame image, extracting and describing SURF characteristic points in first and second interest regions, and storing the frame image as a first reference image, a step of adjusting the position and size of an interest region in a collected next frame image, carrying out characteristic matching with the reference image, screen an ideal coplanar characteristic point, calculating a homography matrix, and identifying the current position of the target point, a step of updating the current frame image as the reference image when a reference image updating condition is satisfied, screening a stable ideal coplanar feature points set which is in accordance with affine transformation and is in a infinite plane, and correcting homography matrix and target point positions, and a step of finally identifying a target point corresponding course according to the azimuth angle and pixel correspondence table.