The invention relates to an electricity peak averting scheduling method and a device. The method comprises steps that users not participating in peak averting are determined, and electricity users except the not-to-participate-in-peak-averting users are taken as potential users; the historical electricity load data of each potential user is acquired, and a load time elasticity coefficient of each potential user at work days/non-work days is calculated; according to a preset load time elasticity threshold and the load time elasticity coefficient of each potential user, candidate users participating into peak averting are screened out from the potential users; when an electric power line is in a load peak, the present electricity load data of each candidate user under the electric power line is acquired, a present load adjustment elasticity coefficient of each candidate user is calculated, and target users participating in present peak averting are determined according to the load adjustment elasticity coefficient of each candidate user; present electricity loads of the target users are adjusted according to preset load adjustment modes so as to eliminate present load peak. The method is advantaged in that electricity peak averting flexibility is effectively improved.