The invention provides an adaptive method of a network topology for differential protection parameters of a smart power distribution network. The adaptive method of the network topology for the differential protection parameters of the smart power distribution network comprises the specific methods and steps of (1) detecting a network topology change of the power distribution network; (2) analyzing protection equipment affected by the network topology change; (3) forming a differential protection network topology parameter configuration file; (4) quitting a differential protection function of the corresponding protection equipment; (5) issuing a network topology parameter configuration file; (6) inputting the differential protection function of the corresponding protection equipment; and (7) forming a network topology parameter configuration file updating log. The adaptive method of the network topology has the beneficial effects that (1) the characteristics of a distributed power supply can be fully described and various applications comprising the distributed power supply are supported; and (2) the influence on an existing power distribution automation system is the smallest and maturely used application software in an existing medium-voltage power distribution network does not need to be modified.