The invention relates to a high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker. The high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker comprises one or at least two serially connected direct-current circuit breaker units; each direct-current circuit breaker unit comprises a through-flow branch circuit, a cutoff branch circuit, a buffer branch circuit and an energy consumption branch circuit which are connected in parallel; each energy consumption branch circuit is composed of energy consumption units; each energy consumption unit is connected with a corresponding buffer unit respectively, each buffer unit is composed of buffer modules, and all the buffer modules are serially connected to form one buffer branch circuit; each buffer module is connected with a corresponding cutoff unit, and each cutoff unit is composed of cutoff modules; and all the cutoff modules are serially connected to form one cutoff branch circuit. According to the direct-current circuit breaker topology disclosed by the invention, different quantities of the energy consumption modules (arresters/non-linear resistors) can be used in a time-sharing manner by controlling the shutting time sequence of the cutoff modules in the cutoff branch circuits, so that the direct-current circuit breaker plays a current-limiting role, the failure current peak value of a direct-current system is reduced, the over-current risk of a converter valve is greatly reduced, and then the operational stability of the direct-current system is improved.