The invention discloses a high-precision measurement and control communication signal simulation method and device based on Lagrange interpolation. The method derive a filter structure by using a third-order Lagrange interpolation algorithm, simplifies the filter structure according to a multi-rate sampling theorem to obtain a multiphase filter structure; subjects discrete distance points to filtering, up-sampling, and delay accumulation by using the multiphase filter structure; then obtains a required analog signal through modulation. The high-precision measurement and control communication signal simulation method and device can avoid a phase jump problem caused by phase error compensation in the prior art so as to ensure that the signal satisfies a actual motion law.