The invention discloses a soil anaerobic disinfection method for preventing and controlling tomato bacterial wilt. The method specifically comprises the steps of adding 2-4% by mass of rice bran, wheat bran, tea seed bran or peanut bran to soil containing ralstoniasolanacearum comb.nov; performing full uniform mixing; performing anaerobic treatment for 3-5 weeks in a waterflooding way or in a way of irrigating water to field capacity and covering an airtight membrane; and removing the membrane and keeping the idle state for a few days, so that plant seedlings can be transplanted. The soil treated with the method has good prevention and control effects for the tomato bacterial wilt; the prevention effect of a tray-based planting experiment is 100%; the plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of a tomato can be remarkably increased; and the tomato growth can be greatly facilitated. The method has the advantages that the tomato bacterial wilt is controlled from the soil source, the prevention and control effects are good, no negative influence is caused to the environment, and the like; and the method has relatively high application potential.