The invention provides a device and method for measuring ionic concentration distribution in a combustion field. The ionic concentration distribution at different positions is obtained based on measurement of the ionic current distribution in a combustion field, the measurement problem of the ionic concentration distribution at different positions in the oscillating combustion process can be very well solved, and the device is low in cost, small in size, convenient to install and suitable for various hydrocarbon fuel combustion devices. The device comprises an ion probe module and a measuring circuit module, wherein the ion probe module is used for obtaining an ionic current signal of a dynamic flame in the combustion field, and the measuring circuit module is used for conducting measurement processing on the ionic current signal obtained by the ion probe module and obtaining the ionic concentration change in the combustion field by measuring ionic current change.