The embodiment of the invention relates to an ionization chamber detection system, comprising a multidimensional adjustment platform device and a filter device, wherein the multidimensional adjustment platform device includes a moving base, a lifting device, a first guide rail, a first base, a second guide rail, a second base and a turn table; the lifting device is arranged on the moving base; the first guide rail is arranged on a moving platform; the first base is parallel to the plane in which the first guide rail is located and is arranged in the first guide rail in a sliding mode; the second guide rail is arranged on the first base; the second base is parallel to the first base and is arranged on the second guide rail in a sliding mode; the turn table is fixed on the second base; the filter device comprises a support frame, a sliding guide rail and a filter placing rack; the sliding guide rail is arranged on the support frame; the sliding guide rail is provided with a displacement sliding block, and the displacement sliding block is arranged on the sliding guide rail in a sliding mode; and the filter placing rack comprises a fixed rod, a lifting adjusting rod and a filter clamp.