The invention discloses drought resistance-associated protein, an encoding gene thereof and application of the drought resistance-associated protein and the encoding gene thereof in regulation of plant drought resistance. The drought resistance-associated protein provided by the invention is any one of the following (A1)-(A5) proteins of (A1) the protein with the amino acid sequence of the sequence 5, (A2) the protein with the amino acid sequence of sequence 3, (A3) the protein which is obtained through substitution and/or deletion and/or addition of one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of the sequence 5, has the same function and is derived by the (A1), (A4) the protein which is obtained through substitution and/or deletion and/or addition of one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of the sequence 3, has the same function and is derived by the (A2), and (A5) the protein which is obtained by connecting a tag/tags to the N terminal or/and the C terminal of the (A1) or the (A2) or the (A3) or the (A4). Experiments prove that the drought resistance-associated protein and the encoding gene thereof can improve the plant drought resistance and can be used for cultivating drought-resistant plants.