The invention provides a method for testing the impulse grounding resistance of a pole of a power transmission line. The method includes the steps of adjusting the environmental parameters, impulse current type and impulse current signals according to predetermined testing rules, obtaining grounding resistance value of the pole of the power transmission line and current environmental parameters, acquiring impulse current signals received by a grounding device and feedback voltage response signals, calculating response voltage peak value and impulse current peak value through FFT transformation to further obtain impulse grounding resistance value, and analyzing the relation coefficient between the grounding resistance value and the impulse grounding resistance value, and the relation between the relation coefficient and the environmental parameters and impulse current type. A plurality types of impulse waves are output to simulate lightning current effect, so that impulse grounding resistance of line pole grounding devices of different structural types and soil conditions can be measured, and difference between the impulse grounding resistance and industrial frequency grounding resistance can be analyzed.