The invention provides a method for qualitatively and quantitatively identifying the type of a fault structure. The method for qualitatively and quantitatively identifying the type of the fault structure comprises the steps of 1, dividing the types of fault structures, and performing the qualitative description; 2, describing the features of a fault structure based on core information and the characters of logging response; 3, quantizing the fault structure based on the relationship between the data of a tilt angle and the torsional tensile strength; 4, quantizing the fault structure based on the relationship between the strike-slip amount and the torsional tensile strength; 5, establishing a fault structure recognition template to identify the fault structure. According to the technical scheme of the method for qualitatively and quantitatively identifying the type of the fault structure, the strike-slip amount and the tilt angle of a fault surface can be calculated based on two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic data. Meanwhile, the fault structure is quantitatively described through the observed continuity degree of cophasal axes, logging information, and the relationship between the strike-slip amount and the torsional tensile strength as well as the relationship between the data of the tilt angle and the torsional tensile strength. Therefore, the problem in the prior art that the quantitative identification for the fault structure cannot be realized is solved. Meanwhile, the method has important significance for the research on the effect of the transtensional structure on the migration and the reservoir forming of a sedimentary reservoir and an oil gas in the well-free exploratory area.