The invention provides a layered mapping-based distributed database result caching method, belongs to the field of distributed database performance optimization research and application, and particularly relates to cache management, grouping, sorting and extraction of query operation result set data of a distributed database. According to the method, a distributed mapping cache framework is established based on a distributed framework; a bottom-layer local cache realizes local storage and grouping of the result set data; cache information is gathered in an upper-layer virtual cache; data extraction is realized through mapping of the virtual cache and the local cache; and the processing of grouping, sorting and the like of a result set is realized. Through the cache technology provided by the invention, while the result set of the distributed database is correctly extracted, the internal network and memory load of a system is reduced, and the reliability and data throughput performance of the distributed data system are improved. The technology has a positive application value in the fields of big data-based e-commerce, internet of things, wisdom cities and the like.