The invention discloses a progressive learning grid regulation and control method based on a learning theory. The method comprises the following steps: 1, subjecting the operation state of a grid to panorama observation; 2, constructing a grid equivalence analysis model; 3, establishing a progressive learning grid regulation and control model: based on the constructed grid equivalent analysis model, establishing a self-learning, space-time rolling and associated control mechanism, and establishing the progressive learning grid regulation and control model by using an extreme learning mechanism theory; and 4 establishing a progressive learning time-space association grid regulation and control strategy system, wherein a learning theory runs through the system and the system consists of space coordination and time coordination. The progressive learning grid regulation and control method is compatible with a traditional power grid regulation and control method, and can be improved continuously in the progressive learning, embodies the intelligence, and provides a new useful reference for the regulation and control of a power grid.