The invention relates to a reliability evaluation-oriented power distribution equipment state evaluation method. The method is technically characterized by comprising the following steps of inputting an equipment reference fault rate lambda (i) and an equipment fault factor weight matrix in a power distribution network, and calculating equipment reference fault rates lambda (i)j under fault factors; inputting equipment running parameters; calculating an insulation aging correction coefficient, a heavy overload correction coefficient, a strong wind and heavy rain correction coefficient and a lightning stroke correction coefficient, and calculating an equipment state evaluation-based equipment corrected fault rate lambda' (i); and performing reliability evaluation according to the equipment corrected fault rate lambda' (i), and calculating a reliability index of the power distribution network. According to the method, the reference fault rate, obtained by a statistics result, of the equipment in the distribution network is combined with the state of the running equipment in the distribution network to obtain an equipment fault rate correction model considering actual states such as equipment running time, equipment running states, natural meteorological factors and the like, and the model is applied to the reliability evaluation and weak link mining of the distribution network, so that the influence of the equipment running states on the reliability of the power distribution network is accurately reflected.