Provided are: a syringe attachment/detachment mechanism capable of easily attaching a syringe to a discharge device and easily detaching the syringe therefrom, without causing twisting of a tube, and also capable of fixing the syringe and an adapter in a desired orientation; and a device provided with said mechanism. An attachment/detachment mechanism for a syringe to be used in a discharge device to which a syringe having an attachment section and an upper connection section is fitted and mounted, the attachment section including an inner tube having a small-diameter opening, an outer tube surrounding the inner tube, and a screw part, and the attachment/detachment mechanism being equipped with a support member having a cylindrical insertion section into which the inner tube is inserted, and having a channel for connecting the small-diameter opening and the nozzle of the discharge device and formed in the interior thereof. Furthermore, the syringe attachment/detachment mechanism is characterized by being further equipped with a rotation member which has a screw part for engaging the screw part of the attachment section, and is rotatably attached to the insertion section, and in that it is possible to mount the syringe by rotating the rotation member. Further provided is a device equipped with said mechanism.