The invention discloses a gas locking and carbon discharging separating and cooling device for biological carbon prepared via reduction and gasification. The gas locking and carbon discharging separating and cooling device comprises a separation bin for receiving high-temperature biological carbon discharged from a first material outlet of a reaction kettle, a material deflector rod cooperated with a rocking handle for rotation being arranged at the bottom of the separation bin; an ash box in which a vibrator and a separator are mounted and which is used for removing large-sized impurities from the biological carbon discharged from the separation bin; and a slag cooler for cooling the biological carbon discharged from the ash box, wherein the separation bin, the ash box and the slag cooler are connected with the first material outlet in sequence; the slag cooler comprises an inner rotary drum and an outer rotary drum; a cooling water channel is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; and a spiral flow guide blade distributed in a spiral manner is arranged on the inner wall of the inner rotary drum. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small equipment investment, complete separation, capability of realizing continuous mass production and the like.