The invention discloses a transmission line ice coating thickness measurement method based on unmanned aerial vehicle binocular vision. The method comprises steps: an unmanned aerial vehicle binocular vision aerial image is acquired; SIFT feature point matching is carried out on the aerial image; whether the SIFT feature points are sufficient is judged; if the SIFT feature points are sufficient, three-dimensional space coordinates are calculated through triangulation; if the SIFT feature points are insufficient, SIFT feature points are added artificially, and three-dimensional space coordinates are calculated through triangulation; according to the three-dimensional space coordinates, position coordinates of the aerial image are acquired; image Ratio edge detection is carried out on the aerial image, and a linear edge is acquired; Hough linear extraction is carried out on the linear edge; wire screening is carried out on the line, and a wire edge is acquired; ice coating recognition is carried out according to the wire edge, and an ice coating area is marked; ice coating thickness measurement feature points are extracted according to the ice coating area; and the ice coating thickness value is calculated. Through analyzing and processing the aerial image, the transmission line ice coating thickness is obtained, and the transmission line ice coating thickness measurement accuracy can be effectively improved.