The invention discloses a natural environment testing method for obtaining environment adaptability benchmark data of a standard component. The method comprises the following steps: determining destroy pulling force of an assembly part, determining stretching frequency and cycle stress ratio, determining design fatigue life, determining cycle stress scope, performing natural environment test-laboratory fatigue cycle test, prescribing according to a national standard or an industry standard, and detecting the mechanical properties of each standard component. The method can reflect the performance change rule of the standard component under interaction influence of natural environment corrosion effect and the stress effect in a reliable and real mode, the environment adaptability benchmark data of the standard component can be obtained, the method provides the base data support and reliable verification means for selection of the standard component, and can promote the development for construction of an environment test and observation professional base data resource platform and an environment adaptability test verification technology of the standard component.