The invention relates to a layered indexing method and a search method for cloud storage. Aiming at the characteristic that in a cloud storage environment mass data is organized and managed in a distributed manner, a layered indexing structure is built by using the method provided by the invention, wherein a top layer is an overall index which forms dimensions according to different attributes of data and builds a mapping relation between values and pages in a Hash inversion manner for each dimension; an index corresponding to the value of the upper-layer dimension is built in a local index at a bottom layer, and thus mapping with the data in the local storage page is achieved. The indexing structure is good in balance and expansibility, has the characteristic that the scale of a data set has less influence on query execution efficiency, and supports multidimensional and Boolean queries; meanwhile, when a node of the cloud environment changes, node migration maintenance is only performed at the overall index, so that index maintenance is simple, and requirements of the cloud storage environment can be met. The methods provided by the invention have positive application values in the field of distributed databases.