The invention relates to a time domain response-based inter-double-cable transient state temperature rise acquisition method. The method comprises the following steps of 1) obtaining an intrinsic coefficient of each cable of the two cables separately, and establishing a double-cable heat dissipation finite element physical model; 2) determining parameters in the finite element physical model to generate an inter-double-cable transient state temperature rise model, and adjusting the parameters after verification; and 3) taking an environment temperature as a temperature reference point, obtaining a cable thermal load in actual operating of the first cable, and calculating inter-double-cable transient state temperature rise according to the inter-double-cable transient state temperature rise model, namely the thermal load of the first cable and the transient state temperature rise of a second cable core wire. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of rapid and convenient calculation, convenient expansion and the like.