The invention discloses a deformation control method of a high-pier and long-span bridge track of a railway. A high-pier and long-span bridge model is analyzed through a finite element method, and whether track deformation meets the specification requirements or not is calculated under a wind load, a temperature change, a driving condition and/or a braking condition. According to the deformation control method of the high-pier and long-span bridge track of the railway, track deformation on a high-pier and long-span bridge is actively researched and analyzed for the problem of shortage of research on the track deformation of an existing long-span bridge; a good method for controlling the track deformation is provided; the problem of the track deformation can be significantly improved; and the traffic security and smoothness of a train are improved.