The invention discloses a multi-energy complementary microgrid energy storage optimized configuration method based on double layers of optimization models. The method comprises the steps of (1) constructing an upper layer optimization model with the economy of the energy storage device of a multi-energy complementary microgrid system in an off-grid state as a goal and the consideration of maximum output power constraint and ramp rate constraint, (2) constructing a lower layer optimization model with the economy and environmental protection of the multi-energy complementary microgrid system in a grid-connected state as a goal and the consideration of factors of power balance constraint, power constraint and the like, and carrying out single objective processing on a double-goal problem by using a random weighted method, and (3) carrying out normalization processing on the adaptive values obtained by the upper layer optimization model and the lower layer optimization model, and facilitating the weighted calculation of a final result. According to the method, the energy storage configuration requirement of multi-energy complementary system in an off-grid mode and the operation state in a grid-connected mode are considered at the same time, the improvement of the efficiency and economy and energy storage and capacity configuration are helped, and a microgrid energy storage optimized configuration model with the comprehensive consideration of off-grid and grid-connected operation modes is established.