The invention discloses an autumn film mulching planting method of spring peanuts. The film mulching time of spring peanut film mulching planting is brought forward from seeding to the autumn (from the middle ten days of September to the middle ten days of October) of the year before. The method has the advantages that by means of autumn film mulching, the utilization rate of rainfall can be increased, useless evaporation of winter soil water and the soil exposure area can be reduced, efficient multistage utilization of water and conservation of water and soil can be achieved, and ecological, green and safe production of farmland is promoted; the film mulching period of peanut film mulching planting is brought forward to the autumn of the year before, good water, heat, air and fertilizer environments are provided for peanut growth, the utilization rate of fertilizer can be increased, and the yield of the peanuts can be greatly increased.