The invention discloses a method for selectively separating and recovering tellurium and antimony from tellurium residues. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding the tellurium residues into sodium sulfide solution, and filtering after stirring and leaching are carried out to obtain lixivium and leaching residues; (2) adding sodium sulfite into the lixivium obtained in step (1) to react, and filtering after reaction is finished to obtain crude tellurium and liquid obtained after tellurium precipitation; (3) adding hydrogen peroxide into the hydrogen peroxide obtained in in (2) to react, and filtering after reaction is finished to obtain sodium pyroantimonate and liquid obtained after antimony precipitation. The method has the advantages of good separation effect, good selectivity, simple technology and low requirements on equipment.