The invention discloses an extraction method for efficiently enriching and recovering low-concentration rare earth ions. According to the extraction method, the enrichment of the low-concentration rare earth ions with an extreme ratio of more than 50 is completed by a gas-liquid-liquid three-phase system in a membrane dispersion micro-extractor, and the membrane dispersion micro-extractor is then used again for completing a reverse extraction process. The extraction method adopts the membrane dispersion micro-extractor to rapidly realize the extraction process of the rare earth ions with the extreme ratio on the basis that the gas-liquid-liquid three-phase system has the advantages of being high in mass transfer rate, short in mass transfer distance and large in specific surface area under the condition that the extreme ratio of water phase flow to oil phase flow is more than 50: 1, and the concentration of the rare earth ions in a water phase can reach the emission standard in China after extraction. Furthermore, the reverse extraction, which is from an organic phase to the water phase, of the rare earth ions is completed by using liquid-liquid extraction in the device, the concentration of the enriched rare earth ions is more than 20g/L after the reverse extraction is finished, and the organic phase can be recycled; therefore, the aim of enriching and recovering the rare earth ions is realized in a real sense.