The invention relates to an experiment system and experiment method used for simulating oil shale home position dry distillation exploitation. The experiment system comprises a pressurizing device and a heating device. The pressurizing device comprises a cylindrical reaction kettle and a upper pressing rod and a lower pushing rod which are inserted into the reaction kettle from the two ends of the reaction kettle correspondingly. The upper pressing rod and the lower pushing rod both are matched with the reaction kettle in a sealing mode and can slide in the axial direction of the reaction kettle. The heating device is used for heating the reaction kettle. The experiment method is conducted on the basis of the experiment system. According to the adoption of the experiment system and the experiment method used for simulating the oil shale home position dry distillation exploitation, the process of the oil shale underground home position exploitation can be accurately simulated, the transformation rate of shale oil which erupts automatically due to internal fluid pressure in the oil shale underground home position exploitation is obtained, and therefore, the data support can be provided for assessment of the oil shale resource home position exploitation.