The invention discloses a sample component and method for a nuclear power plant reactor pressure container irradiation inspection test. The component comprises a tensile sample, an impact sample and a compact tensile sample, wherein the tensile sample is used for acquiring the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the cross section reduction ratio of irradiated materials, the impact sample is used for acquiring impact toughness of the irradiated materials, the compact tensile sample is used for acquiring fracture toughness of the irradiated materials and provided with notches, circular portions and side grooves which are sequentially formed in a first side face and a second side face from top to bottom, and the notch with an isosceles trapezoidal section, the circular portions and the notch with a V-shaped bottom jointly form an extensometer placement space. The method includes the steps of sample preparation, sample loading, sample testing and result evaluation. Arrangement of a bent sample is canceled, the quantity proportion of the other samples is optimized, the shape of the compact tensile sample is optimally improved, and test failure risks in fracture toughness testing are decreased.