The invention relates to a turbine disc-based low-cycle fatigue crack propagation life prediction method, comprising the following steps: (1) collecting micro-data of different sampling positions of a turbine disc by using a scanning electron microscope, and obtaining a distribution rule; (2) designing a low-cycle fatigue test for the different positions, and collecting macro-data; (3) according to the data collected in steps (1) and (2), obtaining the distribution of a life scattering factor and a Paris formula considering the life dispersibility of the different sampling positions of the turbine disc; (4) performing static strength analysis to obtain a dangerous point position stress intensity factor deltaK, integrating by using the life scattering factor and the Paris formula considering the life dispersibility, which are obtained in step (3), then acquiring the relationship between crack propagation life and crack length, and giving the crack propagation life according to the crack length.