The invention discloses a transformer fault classification and identification method based on a vibration analysis method. The method comprises the following steps: S1) selecting a transformer test object, and collecting transformer vibration signals under different states as sample data; S2) calculating the sample data by utilizing a Hilbert-Huang transform EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition) method to obtain an intrinsic mode function; S3) extracting characteristic vector V in each intrinsic mode function component; S4) carrying out dimensionality reduction on the characteristic vector through a principal component analysis method, coordinates being projected to a two-dimensional image; S5) carrying out classification on the sample data through a K neighbor method; S6) calculating the distance between a test sample and an original sample through a distance formula; S7) carrying out mode recognition; and S8) outputting corresponding transformer fault type in mode recognition. Operation state of a transformer can be judged visually and effectively.