The invention discloses an inverter control device and method based on network voltage phase locking and a virtual synchronous machine. At an initial work stage of an inverter, the inverter adopts a conventional inverter control scheme based on network voltage phase locking to complete grid connection work; after grid connection work of the inverter is stable, the inverter adopts a virtual synchronous machine control scheme. After grid connection of the inverter is realized through a conventional grid connection control scheme based on network voltage phase locking, a virtual synchronous machine control policy and a traditional conventional grid connection control scheme are entirely switched, thus, the grid-connected inverter is integrated with the virtual synchronous machine, and a pre-synchronization control link and corresponding terminal voltage detection points in the process from grid separation to grid connection of the inverter under the virtual synchronous machine control scheme are omitted, and a significant technological base is provided for an inverter control scheme applied to the distributed power generation and micro-grid field. Moreover, an inverter system keeps stable, safe and reliable operation from beginning to end in the switching process of the two control modes.