The present invention discloses a substation monitoring system based on the Internet of things technology, and belongs to the field of power supply monitoring. The system comprises a power distribution monitoring center, an information server, an electric power private network or a wireless broadband network, a wireless sensor network and a collection system. The collection system comprises power distribution room running environment monitoring module, a power distribution room security monitoring module, an equipment running status monitoring module, and an RFID information collection module that are all provided with a wireless transmission module separately; the collection system connects the collected information to the wireless sensor network through the wireless transmission module, connects the collected information to the electric power private network or the wireless broadband network through the wireless sensor network, and uploads the collected information to the information server; and the power distribution monitoring center connects to the information server, and pushes a plurality of information parameters, and early warning and alarm information of the power distribution station to the LED displays of each department in real time. According to the substation monitoring system disclosed by the present invention, remote monitoring of the power distribution room is realized, human resources are saved, and real-time monitoring of situation of the power distribution room can be realized.